Gendered Roles Of The Police Force Essay - 2083 Words

The law enforcement sector is one that all members of society have been exposed to whether it be from personal experience, hear-say or representations in the media (Horton and Smith, 1988). These exposures to the police force although from inconsistent sources, have one key consistency, they are highly gendered and hyper- masculine (Wells and Alt, 2005). The police force has experienced great advances in terms of gender relations since the 1980s, however gender still influences the trends, forces and tensions that shape what it is to be a woman in law enforcement (Wells and Alt, 2005). Gendered issues in the police force occur within the organizational approaches to management style, attitudes and discourses around sexual assault and domestic violence and gendered media representations. Although these issues systematically disadvantage women in the police force, there is also evidence of organizational shifts toward transformational management and communication, and away from transac tional management and hyper- masculinity (Silvestri, 2007). This has carved out a path for women in the police, and shown that the gendered police force as we know it is in a state of flux. It is slowly moving away from an industry that ostracizes women and into one that embraces the difference women bring as a way forward for the organization. I chose the police force as my area of research because I have a number of ties to the New Zealand police and at one point considered joining. MyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Giselle Portenier s Guatemal Killer s Paradise 1171 Words   |  5 Pagesand perpetuate gendered violence since the Guatemalan Civil War as well as the lack of proper response from government institutions. 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As a result, we often think of sex as biological and gender as social, which are terms that are often used interchangeable and are socially or culturally constructed. In other words, the terms male and female are referred to as sex categories, while masculine and feminine are considered gender categories. â€Å"Over time, sex tended to be understood as the baseRead MoreThe Issue Of Male Domination And Female Discrimination2076 Words   |  9 Pagesconsistent suppression. There police officers are not seen favoring the mandatory minimum charging policy since they fear that their discretionary powers might get weakened. The police academy has been very diligent in educating its officers against the domestic violence. Yet the police officers consider that violence against women is restricted into a personal or private space and comes under a family or domestic ground; not a criminal offence. In addition, few police also believe th at the victim

Buisness Environment Free Essays

The business environment of candy wrapping is lively and quite encouraging for start-ups to commence and operate business. There are always emerging candy companies with new flavors and tastes covering the entire age market of children, youth, men and women and even elderly. Specially lolly pops, lozenges, eclairs, are all time favorites for all group of ages and wrappers are everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Buisness Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Especially after the launch of Internet technology, candy-wrapping business has emerged as a specialized business with profit making margins. In fact stay at mom candy wrapping business have been inviting individuals to take up candy wrapping business. Candy wrapping is an excellent ebusiness which can be in small volumes as well in large volumes whereas the demand for candy wrapping can never be halted. Candies are 24Ãâ€"7 business which are available at every occasion beginning from birthdays to wedding celebrations. The strengths that are required in candy wrapping business is to possess skills of designing software of graphics to extend colorful view on candy wrappers. Lot of creativity and imaginary work that must work in designing of wrappers which will prove beneficiary for business. There are no particular weaknesses in the business of candy wrapping without the concern of entrepreneur such as poor customer relation management, untimely deliveries, poor quality paper, spoilt / broken candies, poor packing are some of the keen areas where business will be lost. Website is no guarantee proof that business will be developed at a fast pace whereas it must be advertised through proper channels. A wide variety of opportunities are available in candy wrapping business. The business includes multinationals such as nestle, Cadbury Schweppes, and service oriented organizations viz. , wedding planners, birthday parties, florists, toy stores, infant and children shops, can be undertaken. Equipment that is required for designing candy wrappers is, a computer, ebusiness kit, software for designing wrappers, color printer and paper. It is also a fact competitors can never be taken a back as loss except to the fact that the quality of paper must be excellent with attractive designs. Timely delivery of goods must be undertaken with utmost care and neatly packed to gain brand image of ebusiness. There are many successful companies which are involved in candy wrapping business. (1) candywrapper lady (2) custom candy wrappers (3) CJ’s Candy Wrap-ups (4) Party411. com (5) chocolatecovers. com. Although there is a stiff competition in the market, each company is specialized with a particular design which is the quality work according to the requirement and liking of a client. Each company is specialized in a particular software and design and focuses only those areas of clients. This also extends lot of benefits for companies and clients who are offered with variety, wide choice and with quality work. Conclusion For every ebusiness owner, a complete and thorough knowledge of candy wrapping, internet research to build client base, market analysis and finance control is required while the basic skill of top quality designs must be focused. There can also be another alternative to work for a candy wrapping company before starting an own business, in order to gain sufficient knowledge, experience and guidance to avoid a novice experiments in ebusiness. References Start your own business get the bizymoms candy wrapper career kit Accessed 20 June 2007 http://www. bizymoms. com/cart/careers/candywrap_kit. html The candy wrapping business Accessed 20 June 2007 http://www. talewins. com/homepreneurs/candywrapping. htm How to cite Buisness Environment, Papers

Why did Germany Lose free essay sample

World War One was a war between several countries in Europe. It is called a world war because it was the first war which affected so many countries all over the world. It took place from July 1914 to November 1918. The war was mainly fought between two alliances, the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy). The main reasons why Germany lost the war were: the German Army asking to end the war; The USA entering the war; new tanks being developed by the Allies; Germany starving to death; the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and Britain having a good leader. In this essay I will speak about all of these causes, and explain how they contributed to Germany’s loss. There are many arguments and interpretations as to why Germany lost WWI, but the one I believe is most valid is the entrance of America into the war . We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Germany Lose or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will explain why later in this essay. I think Germanys defeat looked likely when the Schlieffen Plan failed. I think it became inevitable, when America entered the war, and I will explain why in the rest of this essay. The first cause of Germany’s loss was their request for Armistice. This in itself did not mean the end of the war, but Germany’s reasons for the request did. The German forces were exhausted by this point and did not feel like they could carry on fighting for long. To the Allies, that was Germany giving up. I think this cause was quite an important one, as this was the direct cause of the war ending, although I think there are some factors which caused Germany to request armistice which I would consider more important. The second cause of Germanys loss was the entrance of the USA into the war. Coming into the war later than everyone else, the USA were a fresh fighting force, which rejuvenated the Allies and motivated them to fight even harder. Their superior weaponry and tactics meant that they provided invaluable assistance to Britain in helping them win the war. They aided Britain in their attack on the German U-Boats, allowing the British Navy to form blockades of German ports, causing and linking to the fact that Germany could not get enough food to feed its people or army, which I believe contributed greatly to the Allies’ success against the Triple Alliance. In addition to this, their help with the counter attack against the Ludendorff Offensive, and capture of the Hindenburg line and 400,000 German troops helped hasten Germany’s defeat. Germany tried to go too far too fast, and could not achieve their goals. This is why I think that this is the most important cause of Germanys loss of the First World War. I think this cause is more important than Germany’s request for armistice, because I believe armistice was purely symbolic or a formality, the war was won when Germany gave up, and that was what the Americans made them do. The third cause of Germany’s loss was that the British, French and Americans developed new forms of tanks which could meet the challenges brought on by trench warfare. These tanks could cross trenches and barbed wire, were insusceptible to machine gun fire and did not get stuck when going over shell holes. This meant the Allies could drive a tank through no-man’s land and know it would reach the enemy trenches relatively unscathed. A tank can do a lot more damage than a conscriptee with a rifle, so if every tank they sent at the Germans reached them, then they could cause a lot of trouble for them. Theoretically this should have meant that the Allies got the upper hand, but German trenches were better built, and there were not enough tanks to attack every section of every trench, so the Allies had to often rely on using explosives, the force of which the German trench walls could withstand. Therefore, I don’t believe that this is a particularly important cause of Germanys loss, as I think its effect was too subtle. The fourth cause of Germany’s loss was the German people starving. This was caused by the British blockades, which restricted food and supplies reaching German and the German Army. Without these supplies, they couldn’t help the war effort. The German soldiers couldn’t fight properly if they were always hungry and this would have caused a lack of morale amongst the troops. Also, the people in Germany had to face news of battle defeats, which didn’t exactly help. The German people no longer wanted to fight the war and felt let down by their government. Many people argue that this is the most important cause of Germanys loss, as without the people’s support, the Triple Alliance couldn’t go on fighting the war, but I believe that without the support of the USA, Britain would never have been able to implement the blockade strategy and cause such problems for Germany. The fifth reason for Germany’s loss was the failure of the Schlieffen Plan. Germany wanted a short war, and they thought that the Schlieffen Plan would bring them this. However, their plan did not work, and Germany was forced into a long drawn out war which it didn’t want. Their plan was to attack and take over France, then quickly race over to Russia and attack them before they could mobilise. Russia was notoriously slow at getting their act together, and Germany believed that it was an advantageous move on their part. They would take out Russias ally, and then attack the other country before it had time to gather its army. What they didn’t know, and couldn’t know, was that it would take Russia only six weeks to mobilise its forces, Belgium would fight back, and that Britain would come to the aid of Belgium. The Russians stated advancing west, at a formidable speed, causing Germany to send more men from its main fighting fore, in order to reinforce the Eastern Front. Belgiums army, although small, managed to delay the German advance for nearly a month, and create a constant threat to German supply lies in the north. The Germans also underestimated the alliance between Britain and Belgium. They did not expect that when they attacked Belgium, Britain would come to its aid, even though the 1839 London Treaty promised they would. I think this was an important cause of Germanys loss as it meant Germany had to fight a war they didn’t want to and this could have meant they panicked, due to the fact they were facing an eventuality they hadn’t planned for. It was the drawn out nature of the war which caused Germany to request armistice, so I believe that the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and the civil dissatisfaction in Germany are closely linked. I believe however, that the arrival of America is still the most valid cause, as all the factors which directly contributed to Germany’s request for armistice were situation which could have only occurred due to the presence of the USA. In conclusion, I believe that the USA’s entrance into the war is the most valid cause of Germany’s loss of World War One. There are several important causes of Germany’s loss, such as low morale and civil disappointment causing Germany’s request for armistice, but they could not have happened without the presence of the USA in the war. Therefore, I think although all of these causes are important on their own, their common factor is the entrance of the USA. Just to end this essay; I believe that the causes of Germany’s loss of World War One are similar to those of World War Two. In both wars, they ended up fighting a war on two fronts and underestimated Russia. Morale in Germany was low on both occasions and they couldn’t provide for the war effort. It seems to me that Germany made several mistakes in World War One, but didn’t learn from them, and made them again in World War Two.

Low

The advent of mobile devices and their popularity among consumers in the electronics market has led to development of ultra low voltage microcontrollers. These devices are intended to increase efficiency of the mobile devices and extend the life of their power supply. This is particularly important since most mobile devices are designed to use portable batteries (Freescale, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Low-Power Microcontrollers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Power supply from portable batteries has a significantly low voltage component, which affects the efficiency of the supply and the ability of the devices to adapt to the capabilities of the batteries. Mobile battery energy storage and management has become an important issue, particularly due to the increased use of mobile devices for applications that were previously reserved for larger computers (Freescale, 2009). Dynamic voltage scaling is a n ew technology that has facilitated the development of ultra-low power microcontrollers. It is therefore necessary to use ultra-low power microcontrollers for devices relying on battery power in order to extend battery life and efficiency. There are various types of microcontrollers made for specific components of mobile devices. One particular type of ultra-low power microcontroller is the MSP430 class of microcontrollers introduced to the market by Texas Instruments. This microcontroller is specifically designed for power supply control in portable measuring instruments. Its microprocessor is able to operate on 16-bit words, and it is a remarkably powerful processor for a measuring device. The ability of the microcontroller to switch from low power and adapt to high power demands of certain processes within measuring instruments is one of its unique features. In addition, this class of ultra-low power microcontrollers is flexible since it has a dozen analog-to-digital converters an d a complementary set of digital-to-analogue converters. This makes it easy to interface the microcontroller with various peripheral devices such as sensors. The microcontroller features sixty four input/output pins, which are sufficient for most applications in the targeted instruments. MSP430 microcontrollers are aimed at providing a high standard of computing capabilities while consuming a reasonably small amount of power. However, due to the numerous input/output pins, many registers and converters, and a powerful microprocessor, these microcontrollers have an average performance in power conservation.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another company, Microchip, is offering a 16-bit option in PIC24F16KL402 class of microcontrollers. These microcontrollers are designed to provide better computing abilities than other microcontrollers with a lower limit for digital word proces sing. In addition, Microchip’s microcontroller is designed for low power consumption devices running on limited power sources. Microchip has ensured that there is power conservation while maintaining performance standards by including 16-bit capabilities in its package. This effort is reflected in dsPICÂ ® microcontroller meant for processing digital signals. The particular microcontroller uses modified Harvard design Architecture featuring several improvements in the functions of the microcontroller. A wide range of oscillators is provided for various applications. Four different configurations for oscillators are used depending on the intended application for the microcontroller. The microcontroller offered by microchip may not be as equipped as the one manufactured by Texas instruments. However, the microcontroller offers 16-bit computing capabilities with significantly low power consumption. This chip has a wide variety of applications. Atmel Corporation has also endeavo red to produce an ultra-low power microcontroller. ATmega48/88/168 produced by Atmel Corporation is an AVR microcontroller designed for low power consumption. RISC design architecture has been used in this microcontroller. CMOS semiconductor technology has been extensively applied in its manufacture. However, this microcontroller has 8-bit processing capabilities only. To compensate for this, the microcontroller is able to handle complex data in one cycle even with the limited 8-bit capacity. This microprocessor has considerable speed capabilities that enable it to execute a large number of instructions using a small amount of power. ARM Holdings is another company that is progressively becoming a significant player in the manufacture of modern ultra-low power microcontrollers. The company has developed a completely new design for ultra-low power microcontrollers due to the incorporation of new microprocessor technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Low-Pow er Microcontrollers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The LPC2114/2124 microcontroller built using ARM Holdings’ TDNI-s microprocessor features less transistors in the processing unit (NPX, 2011). This design feature limits the amount of the power consumed by the microprocessor unit, and results in overall conservation of energy. In addition to low power consumption, the microcontroller has a solid state memory which facilitates high-speed data transfer. The data transfer function has been enhanced by use of a 128-bit data bus. One unique feature of the microcontroller is that it is a 16 bit microcontroller with an accelerator that allows it to process larger 32-bit words (NPX, 2011). This makes the microcontroller technologically advanced that those manufactured by Microchip, Atmel Corporation and Texas Instruments. Furthermore, the ARM microcontroller has a sixty-four-pin input/output interface and several analog-to-digital co nverters. In addition, it has complementary digital-to-analog converters for flexible application. Due to the capabilities of LPC2114/2124 microcontroller, it is often used in medical instruments and industrial processes (NPX, 2011). Its 32-bit capabilities make it suitable for heavier applications compared to microcontrollers by Microchip, Atmel Corporation and Texas Instruments. Ultra low power microcontrollers are becoming important in electronics technology. This is due to the increasing need for compact electronic instruments and mobile communication devices (Freescale, 2009). As mobile devices assume tasks that were traditionally reserved for powerful conventional computers, their demand for more power is being countered by employment of ultra-low power microcontrollers in the electronics assemblies. References Freescale, S. (2009, May 6). Freescale Low-Power microcontroller solutions. Energy efficient solutions. Retrieved from www.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/broc hure/BRLWPWR.pdfAdvertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More NPX, N. (2011, June 10). Single-chip 16/32-bit microcontrollers;. Npx.com. Retrieved from www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/LPC2114 This essay on Low-Power Microcontrollers was written and submitted by user Fernando Zamora to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Blind Justice by Bruce Alexander essays

Blind Justice by Bruce Alexander essays Blind Justice by Bruce Alexander is a mystery about Sir John Fielding in the mid 18th century. This story takes place in London and the main characters are Sir John Fielding and Jeremy Proctor. Fielding is well known in the area along with his brother Henry Fielding for being the founders of the Bow Street Runners police force. The Bow Street Runners is the very first police force in the London area and nobody has seen anything like it. Sir John is a high-ranking member in the courts and has a great reputation for giving stern punishments for crimes he knows have been committed and being sympathetic to lesser crimes. One twister to this story is that Sir John Fielding is blind yet he has an outstanding ability to solve crimes using all of his other senses. Early in the story Sir John Folding takes custody of a young boy named Jeremy Proctor. Jeremy is on the run because his father was stoned to death for the counterfeiting of money. Jeremy is captured in London and sent to the court with Sir John and he is soon released because Sir John sees that the young man has done nothing wrong. Sir John realizes that Jeremy Proctor can benefit him in his investigations by being his eyes in crimes scenes. While Jeremy becomes an orphan to the court a major incident happens. Lord Goodhope was found dead to what was believed to be suicide by a pistol. While Jeremy and Sir John were investigating the incident Jeremy tells Sir John a interesting observation that he saw at the scene. Jeremy told Sir John that when he was observing Lord Goodhope's corpse his hands were clean. In the time it was impossible for somebody to shoot a weapon without some sort of smoke leaving a stain on his or her hand and Sir John later demands an autopsy. Sir Joh ns hunch was right and the autopsy revealed that Sir John was actually poisoned. As the team investigates Lord Goodhope's life they find some revealing facts. They find out that he was extremel...

Persuasive Essays on Abortion

Persuasive Essays on Abortion Persuasive Essays on Abortion Persuasive essays on abortion should point out that whether or not abortion should be allowed has long been a controversial topic for heated debate and discussion: Persuasive essays on abortion should start by taking a stand that is either for or against abortion by offering a thesis statement in the first paragraph that reads something like, It is the contention of this essay that abortion should be easily available for women who have an unwanted pregnancy due to the following reasons If you need an essayof the highest quality place an order on our website and get 15% off on your first order. Points for abortion Even though it has been argued that aborting a child once it is conceived boils down to the taking of a helpless life-others feel that a child in the womb has not yet developed in to a human being-(some argue that the soul only enters an infant shortly before birth)-and so it is not wrong to do away with an unwanted pregnancy at an earlier stage. Those that vehemently decry abortion do so on religious grounds by stating that it is a sin to take a helpless life. Two of the main religions that oppose abortion are: The Catholics Muslims The entire argument has divided the public into those that vehemently oppose abortion and these have become known as pro-life activists; while those that are for the free choice of women are known as pro-choice activists. Both have strong views for and against abortion. Persuasive essays on abortion should point out that while many oppose abortion on religious and ethical grounds- women who are actually carrying the child feel that they need to get ownership of their own bodies-(instead of having people telling them what to do) Pro-choice activists also firmly believe that life only begins at birth and so there is nothing wrong with terminating an unwanted pregnancy. Persuasive essays on abortion should draw attention to the fact that pro-choice activists arguing for abortion may be doing so for a number of very good reasons like:- Reluctant mothers may be trying to terminate an unhappy marriage They lack the means to support a child They are too young and a teenage pregnancy can result in the life of both the mother as well as the child-getting ruined. Pro-choice activists argue that a mother that does not want her child and is forced to have the baby is also most likely to ill-treat the child or deny the nurturing love and care that he/she would require growing into a mature and well balanced human being. Visit our safe paper writing service to get A+ essay right now! Read also: The Stolen Party Term Paper Sample Papers Report Writing Help Process Analysis Case Study Police Performance Term Paper

Tax Refund for Nonresident Aliens Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tax Refund for Nonresident Aliens - Case Study Example Very few are aware that they are overpaying the taxes. Credits and deductions that they are eligible for either under a bipartite international treaty or under US laws are not being properly utilized. The main reason is their limited understanding regarding US tax laws and secondly, many of them do not file the returns. No filing of the returns means no possibility of any refunds. The endeavour has been to understand these complexities, which has piled up unclaimed overpaid taxes with IRS. It would be appropriate to note that in view of the vastness of the subject effort has been put toward depicting the main issues in a generalized way rather than any specifics to the issue involved. Dates of Co-op Assignment: August 30 -December 9, 2010 On interaction with many non-resident aliens, I came to know that many of them were not very clear on the various tax-related matter, on personal income taxes. They belonged to the varied nationalities. They were not aware of some important US tax requirements. At times, they do not file tax returns or filed them incorrectly, which results in a lot of overpaid tax and the substantial amount goes unclaimed in the refund. †¢ Those people who have come under non-resident visa (J, F, Q or M category) in the US they are statutorily required to file a 1040NR Tax Return in physical form. These are known as US non-resident income tax return. They cannot file e-return or online returns. H1B visa falls in the category of non-immigrant visa. If H1B visa holder is recognized as Resident alien then he is required to file the tax return like any other US citizen, otherwise, they are required to file 1040NR tax return form only. It has been found that most nonresidents miss to file a return or file it incorrectly. It has been further noted that there is a large amount of unclaimed taxes by nonresidents who refrain from filing tax returns. They are under the impression that since the employer has withheld tax amount their obligations are over and they are not aware that they have paid more than what is required by the law.  Ã‚  

CORPORATE FINANCIAL REPORTING (accounting knowledge require) Essay

CORPORATE FINANCIAL REPORTING (accounting knowledge require) - Essay Example (IFRSF 2011) These issues have to be resolved in the next Board Meeting for the Finance Department to be able to finalize the company's financial statements for the year 2010. The following is a brief discussion of the points that have to be considered: Classifications of Leases As an agreement that binds the lessor to grant the lessee the right to use an asset for an agreed length of time, a lease can be classified as either a finance lease or an operating lease. While a finance lease passes on to the lessee practically all the risks and rewards that go with ownership of the asset, an operating lease clearly declares that ownership of the asset is retained by the lessor. ... It should further be noted that lease classifications are set at the inception of the leases. (IASCF 2009) Preference for Operating Leases Operating lease is the classification that is often preferred by a company management. Many companies through the years have opted to record the lease agreements that covered their automobiles, aircrafts and all other types of equipments as operating leases. (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2009:734) This is because finance leases cause the company's liabilities to increase, thereby rendering its debt-related financial ratios like its debt-to-equity ratio unattractive to investors and other interested parties. The same is true to the resulting gearing ratios and returns on assets that are all computed based on the company's total assets, liabilities and equity. (Mills 2008) Consequences of Recording Leases as Operating Leases There are misleading consequences that arise from recording the company's lease transactions as operating leases. Operating leases are r ecognised only as expense accounts. They are reflected only in the company's income statement for the period and are not at all included in its balance sheet. Thus, the economic resources and the level of obligations of the company, as shown by its balance sheet, are all understated. Needless to say, the computed ratios would turn out to be inaccurate. (IASCF 2009) It is, then, clear that the balance sheets and income statements of a company that records its lease transactions as finance leases would be greatly different from the financial statements that would have been generated had the company booked the same lease transaction as operating leases. (Mills 2008) This negatively affects the transparency of the company's

Concealed Carry Arguement Essay Example for Free

Concealed Carry Arguement Essay Carry Citizens of Illinois, is it so wrong to carry a concealed weapon for personal protection? There are multiple citizens of the United States believe that it is their constitutional right to carry. Statistics show that the crime rates have dropped in states with concealed carry and the death rates have not really grown. There are multiple figures of authority that are for and then there are those that still believe that concealed carry is unhealthy for a community. I for one am for the concealed carry laws in the state of Illinois. There are many Citizens of the state and other states that agree with me and the numerous law makers that concealed carry in Illinois is a constitutional right passed down from our fore fathers. One Illinois citizen in particular, Mrs. Sue Darnall, teaches a gun safety class in Bloomington, IL. Her students upon passing the course are eligible to apply for a Florida concealed carry permit that is valid in 32 other states, excluding Illinois. Mrs. Darnall says You have to answer the question: do I have it in me to take someone elses life? We dont know. We can train for that possibility but we never know until we have the experience. Firearms should always be considered a tool of last resort, she is an advocate for the concealed carry law in Illinois [Brady]. There are multiple lawmakers in the state of Illinois that are for concealed carry and yet there are equally as many that disagree and believe that it is a bad idea. We look kind of silly being the only state not to have it. It works very well, the 49 other states prove it every day, said state Rep. Donald Moffitt, R-Galesburg. Under the legislation, anyone 21 years of age or older who has a Firearm Owners Identification Card would be eligible to apply for a concealed carry permit. Rep. Brandon Phelps, D-Harrisburg, the sponsor, estimated the permit would cost around $100. Phelps pointed to Wisconsin, which passed a concealed carry law last summer. They sold 67,000 permits the first week, Phelps said [Ehley]. Phelps also says, â€Å"Right now were at the mercy of criminals [Brady]. Yet there are still law makers such as, Governor Pat Quinn, who says, â€Å"The concept of concealed, loaded handguns in possession of private citizens does not enhance public safety, on the contrary, it increases danger for everyday people [Ehley]. † Each side in the intense debate has its own interpretation of what the framers of the Constitution meant when they penned the Second Amendment. The right of citizens to keep and bear arms is the bedrock upon which concealed carry support has been built across the country. Its a constitutional guarantee. I think people should have the right to protect themselves because law enforcement is not equipped to totally protect them. The only people carrying guns now are cops and crooks, said Madison County Sheriff Robert Hertz, president of Illinois Sheriffs Association that in 2009 dropped its neutral position and approved a resolution endorsing concealed carry [Brady]. The arguments are endless on the topic, whether it is a constitutional right or not. Some people say it is because we should be able to carry when and where we feel that we are in danger and need the extra personal protection. Looking at states such as Missouri where the city of St. Louis was voted the most dangerous city in America, the crimes against individuals has slowed and dropped in numbers since the passing of concealed carry there. Now if a criminal is uncertain that you have a gun or not, it makes him less likely to attack. Not forgetting to mention if criminals are already breaking these laws and carrying, what makes it so difficult to make it legal for others to â€Å"pack heat? † I personally believe that if a law was passed for concealed carry the crime rates would drop in the state of Illinois. The current votes against concealed carry on based on the majority of ruling over Chicago. What about the southern part of the state, we have crime too. 90% of Illinois state laws are passed because of the happenings in Chicago. If a law were to be passed I believe that a registration and screening process would and should be put in place to weed out â€Å"unfit† candidates. The Illinois laws already state that felons cannot posses firearms, cannot purchase ammunition, and aren’t eligible to receive a F. O. I. D card. We could even be like the state of Wisconsin who just passed a carrying law; theirs is not concealed but open carry. Illinois is the only state in the entire union that doesn’t have a legal concealed carry law. There are multiple precautions that could be taken to prevent increased crime. In example, there are states that have local ordinances that make it illegal to carry a concealed weapon around such as Washington D. C. made it illegal to carry a handgun around, the rest of the state has a concealed carry law. I say in conclusion I believe that concealed carry is a smart and safe bet, besides it is a constitutional right to carry. â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Essay --

Sarah Miller Mr. Maltby Senior Project 3-11-14 The History of Interior Design Think about the things that make a home look nice. Think about the specific components that pull the whole place together. The paint or wallpaper on the walls, the hardwood or carpet on the floor, the furniture, and even the paintings or decoration on the walls. All of these important characteristics make up interior design. Interior design has been around for as long as the very first homes were built. But, what many people don’t know about are the continuous changes in interior design throughout history. From the looks of the early 17th century home, or the introduction to neoclassicism in the 18th century, to the move towards modernism in the 1900s..Interior design is an ever changing feature. Technology played a key part in the 17th century home. The introduction of the 17th century inventions such as the internal/external brick, house partitions, and stone walls substantially changed how the average interior was used and exposed. After the Great Fire of London in 1666, the fear of fire was huge in the homes of 1700. The brick, partitions and stone not only created more effective protection against fire, but they allowed for better structural strength, improved insulation, and created opportunities for greater and more elaborate use of interior plasterwork. (Parissien 18) The use of coal in Northern Europe began to increase, making many innovations in fireplace technology. People began to realize that the size of the fireplace didn’t necessarily mean more heat and the bigger the chimney piece opening meant the more heat was wasted up the flue. Therefore, the fireplace opening was made smaller and the chimney piece began to serve as a decorative,... ... more spacious kitchen environment. (Ferebee 116). In conclusion, interior design has seen its fair share of changes throughout history. The looks of the early 17th century home with its emphasis on the chimneypiece, the introduction to neoclassicism in the 18th century which stressed principals and proportion, or the first steps toward modernism in the 1900s when hygiene was the main focus. Interior design would not be the same today without the ideas of designers throughout history. I believe that our current style of interior design with its extremely modern look was a result of those very first steps toward modernism way back in the early 1900s. Next time you are admiring how wonderful your home looks, give a silent thank you to those early designers who planted the seed of interior design in many minds that has been passed down, time to time to our generation.

East of Eden: John Fontenrose Response

East of Eden: John Fontenrose Response The basis for the story of good and evil is most often the Christian biblical stories in the book of Genesis. The classic battle of good and evil with good always triumphant over evil often stretches farther out and into our many cultures. This archaic tale is ever prevalent in all of mankind’s greatest stories in many different variations. John Steinbeck often brings this struggle to different methods of thought especially on how we view evil, as well as good.He brings this story to light using the everyday, common man in his books, Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men and now East of Eden to portray the realistic side of the battle of good and evil. Many will argue that he does not have a very clear goal for presenting this idea including, John Fontenrose, in his literary criticism, â€Å"John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation† but it is quite the opposite. In John Steinbeck’s book, East of Eden, The stories of the Hamilton and Trask families get intertwined along with many other people as the theme of good and evil unfolds on them on farmland in both Salinas, California and in Connecticut.Towards the beginning of the book the good characters, Alice and Adam and the bad characters, Cyrus and Charles are clear to the reader but as the novel progresses the concept of â€Å"timshel† is introduced which redefines the concept of predestination versus free will and changes the course of each character’s limitations for better and for worse. In East of Eden Steinbeck is not unclear on his position of good and evil, rather he puts forward the way this mindset has changed over time and gives his own methodology on how the struggle of good and evil should be thought of.Often times Steinbeck shows the realism in this book with many archetypes that are not perfect and alter from time to time. This makes it hard for some people to understand his reasoning like, John Fontenrose, as he neglect s this concept when he states that the author is, â€Å"never clear about the relation of good to evil in this novel† (Fontenrose). Steinbeck purposefully creates this view so that the appearance of progression in his archetypes is shown when free will is added to his characters. In the late beginning of the book, Charles beats his brother, Adam, almost to death because of jealousy over his father’s love.It is an almost perfect allusion to the biblical story of Cain and Abel which represents an ever occurring theme throughout the book. In fact this represents one of the first introductions towards realism in the novel because these horrible events are a part of life, that of which Steinbeck does not wish to cover up. Instead of hiding them Steinbeck shows them in detail to carry the notion that the concepts of good and evil are not concrete but are situational and objective. While Charles thought he was being just, Adam most certainly did not.In part three of the book Steinbeck introduces the concept of â€Å"timshel† as discovered by Adam’s servant Lee and its many different translations, â€Å"‘Thou shalt,’ meaning that men will surely triumph over sin. But the Hebrew word timshel- ‘Thou mayest’-that gives a choice. Why, that makes a man great, †¦ for in his weakness and his filth and his murder of his brother he still has the great choice† (Steinbeck 301-302) He attempts to convince Adam and Cal of the validity of timshel and ultimately succeeds, as Adam gives Cal his blessing and Cal realizes he himself has the power to overcome his family’s legacy of evil.With the concept of Timshel, Steinbeck is not accurate, â€Å"translating the verb form timshol (not timshel as Steinbeck has it)† (Fontenrose). Steinbeck makes an almost unnoticeable symbol in the fact that the concept of â€Å"timshel or timshol† is not perfect, as shown with an incorrect translation. He proves this by having many things in the novel chosen and some not chosen, therefore not perfect free will. This is further proven by the fact that Charles in the beginning fills the Cain archetype but as timshel is introduced the archetype continues and Cal is given the freedom to break away from this destiny of Evil.Although Cal breaks free he is still partly held down by his archetype and therefore achieves balance between both good and evil. Steinbeck continues with this enigma using Cal again, having a C in his name and his assault on his brother Aron, shows his connection to Cain. Although he was not a good person, he wanted to become better which makes him superior to his brother Aron in the eyes of Steinbeck. As John Fontenrose put it â€Å"Good is identified both with admirable individual qualities and with conventional moral goodness† and with Cal â€Å"the author appears to accept Cal's label of bad for his adolescent desires and impulses. (Fontenrose 4) Steinbeck presents pr ogression by making the outcome of Cal and Aron less severe than that of Adam and Charles. Although characters in East of Eden, more often than not, are pushed to expel evil forces from themselves and pertain towards good traits, the line is much more blurred. This is most prominently seen in Cal, who, although fitting under the archetype of the biblical Cain, still strives towards good character, as seen in this passage, where he offers Aron a business opportunity after college. ‘I’ll get started and lay the foundation. Then when you finish we can be partners. I’ll have one kind of thing and you’ll have another’† (Steinbeck 536). Cal does also stir towards negative characteristics, particularly when he expresses the truth of their mother to Aron. Aron slowly becomes more and more pure as the book continues which eventually becomes his fault of being too good and not being able to deal with the evils of the world.Cal struggles with the human d esires towards good and bad, growing out of the Cain archetype and fleshing out into perhaps the most equal character in the book, neither choosing to neither reject the bad completely nor embrace the good completely. Cal breaks the notion of inherent good or evil archetypes and brings forth the realism concept of timshel. The narrator sums this up with many concepts while waxing on the perceptiveness of forces. â€Å"Some forces seem evil to us, perhaps not in themselves but because their tendency is to eliminate the things we hold well† (Steinbeck 131).The piece continues with the argument that â€Å"good and evil are relative terms†, more specifically in that Steinbeck appears to show Cal as bad when his action are of an adolescent nature and sees Aron as good when his actions reflect extreme self-indulgences. The characters are by no means clear cut in their morals; in fact, nearly every character is obscured as to whether they are altogether good or bad. By no mea ns was a fault of Steinbeck’s, rather it was an intentional move meant to portray the diverse and human characters which inhabit the story.Even when describing the changing scenery of the Salinas Valley, the character’s muddled human condition is reflected. When discussing the new church and sects which are appearing, the narrator says, â€Å"They were not pure, but they had a potential of purity, like a soiled white shirt. And any man could make something pretty fine of it within himself† (Steinbeck 217). Although the object of discussion is actually a church, the resemblance of character to the morally conflicted characters that inhabit the novel is difficult to ignore.Fontenrose’s reasons follow similar patterns, with statements such as â€Å"Good and evil are complementary† and â€Å"evil is the source of good and may even be necessary to good† essentially coming down to evil and good being necessary for the other to exist (Fontenrose 4) . Although Fontenrose is overall incorrect in his claim that good and bad have no relation in the novel, in this claim it is necessary to agree, if only because such broad terms are used. The claims which Fontenrose makes almost seem to undermine his own argument; as they do essentially prove that there are clear relations between good and evil within the novel.Overall, Steinbeck is quite distinct in his defining of morality, in which the polar opposites of good and evil coexist in such a manner that each individual has a right of choosing their path, defined by the ever-present phrase, timshel. This gives some characters the ability to gain the ideal balanced morality, not all evil and not all good. As we look deeper into the novel we see that through the many different concepts and understandings of good versus evil, Steinbeck lays down his system of how good and evil are actually perceived.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay

The News Article is about the new Health Law; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law in March 2010. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expansion of public programs, health insurance exchanges, changes to private insurance, employer requirements and cost and coverage estimates. Unfortunately some citizens of the United States are disapproving of this Act; Obama has offered to make changes to the Act if warranted. Currently Administration is Attempting to quantify exactly how much individuals and businesses might save once the law is phased in starting in 2014. Premiums are expected to be lower than they otherwise would be without the law. For example, it says, middle-income families could save as much as $2,300 by purchasing coverage through the new health insurance exchanges; small businesses could save as much as $350 per family policy; and even large businesses will save, it says, because healthier people will have insurance. A statement from the American’s Health Insurance Plan gives the downfall of the Act, â€Å"The new law will expand coverage to millions of Americans, but fails to address the health care cost crisis.† Opinion: In my opinion of the Act I’m not really sure which side I chose to be on. The Act could save many people and businesses a lot of money. With the economy in the state it is every dime people could save would help. However the law does nothing for the price of medicine and other medical needs. Also with Obama offering to make changes to fit peoples wants and needs should help a lot with winning of the Critics.

Health And Social Care Management Essays

Health And Social Care Management Essays Health And Social Care Management Essay Health And Social Care Management Essay Communication is a process of passing information from one person to the other and twine employees, agencies, service users and their relatives in health and social care through verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a form of communication (e. G. Body language, signs and symbols). Verbal communication is communicating with words (e. G. Conversation). In order to improve relationships with service users, their families, colleagues, managers and others who worked within health and social care environment, care workers need to have good communication skills. Good, supportive relationships are built on effective communication (Mice, 2006). Communicating effectively performs a significant role In health and social care workplace, therefore understanding learning theories can Improve the quality of communication process. In health and social care, learning theories have been effectively applied. For example, social learning theory, Is learning by Imitating the behavior of others either consciously or unconsciously. It Is applied In health and social care by offering the positive things learnt from others Into health and social care workplace to improve staff-patients interpersonal relationships. The woman ho decided to stop drinking after being aware of the risk of having liver disease or felt proud after she quit drinking completely is an example of social learning theory (Bandeau, 1977). I en Importance AT communicating effectively Is snow In ten notional appointment scenario where the doctor was devoid of good communication skills. He is an example of a poor communicator who appears to have used his position of power in his closed questioning style. Shall et al. (2010) that good doctor-patient communication has a positive impact on patients reactions to consultations. For example, it improves patient satisfaction, physician satisfaction. In fact, doctors who are patient-focused have a been reported by patients to have a good quality of care (pop. Cit). The present scenario shows that interpersonal skills are lacking resulting in the patients apparent dissatisfaction with treatment. In the scenario the doctor did not recap to the patient, and there was no active listening and relationship between them (Moss, 2012). Classical conditioning theory is also used to change and improve peoples behavior. This can be used in setting with the mentor and minute. It is learning by association. For example learning to feel upset at the sight of flashing police lights in your review mirror. It is applied in health and social care, by making sure service users, their relatives, visitors etc. Chive quality care and services so that they can respond positively regarding the kind of care and services that was render to them by health and social care workers. Classical conditioning process remains significant today for various applications, including transformation and mental health treatment. Classical conditioning is often used to treat anxiety, panic disorder and phobias (Pavlov, 1927). Skinners (1938) model of operant conditioning often is a effective way of changing behavior by reinforcement. For example when a child is rewarded for achieving a higher grade at school or when a baby is crying and chocolate is given to the baby and the baby stop crying. And any time the baby cries and chocolate is given to the baby, the baby will d stop crying. It is applied in health and social care workplace, whereby a mentor will give a minute a constructive and encouraging feedback and advice e. G. A general practitioner (GAP) giving a patient a constructive feedback and device from the patient medical condition enquiries (Envied, 2008). Mice (2006) stated that different skills can be used to promote effective communication in health and social care. Therefore, health and social care workers must be able to communicate effectively with patients, there is need for them to understand how patients feel and the things they want and need. They need to be able to respond to patients concerns and questions in ways that can be understood and they need to be able to communicate effectively with their managers, colleagues, visitor and other professionals. For example, they need to be able to pass on information which others can understood and to understand instructions by communicating clearly, slowly, concisely and avoid using Jargons when giving instructions of medication intake to service users. For example, in the hospital scenario when there was no personal relationship between the doctor and the patient (Passable, 2008). According Moonless ( 5) Neal Ana social care workers must unreason t importance of verbal and non-verbal communication in order to communicate with service users. Non-verbal communication comprises the use of signs and pictures, body language such as facial expressions, posture, eye contact, and gestures. Health and social care workers need to be an active listeners, and let service users have their right to communicate their needs and preference and to make decisions and choices to improve the quality of their life. There may be obstacles to effective doctor- patient relationship, when a doctor does not aid open communication with a patient. For example, when a patient does not understand medical terminology, or believe the doctor has not really listened and therefore, does not have the information to make good treatment decisions. The doctor should sit down, maintain eye contact, listen thou interrupting and explain and restore confidence during test (Hill, 2011). Another area to be examined in health and social care is interpersonal communication, which is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages; it is face-to-face communication. Interpersonal communication is not what is actually said or the language used, but how it is convey and the non-verbal messages pass through tone of facial expressions, body language, gestures and voice. Discrimination can cause inappropriate interpersonal communication in health and social care environment, cause people often feel that they belong to certain types of group whom they share same view, look similar and who m they think alike. Health and social care workers must have to be interested in learning about other people, they should not divide service users into group, and must not exclude them from receiving quality care services because they belong to a different ethnic group, religion, culture, gender or age group or because of their sexuality. Stereotype is another factor that can cause inappropriate interpersonal communication. Careers may make assumptions about their patients based on stereotyped thinking, this may be barriers o effective communication in health and social care workplace. For example, health and social care worker, working with elderly people, may decided to wash and dress an older service user without asking her what she want or need because the care feel she is old and she can remember anything old people do not remember (Downs and Adrian, 2004). In health and social care sector, there are different strategies healthcare professionals can use to support service users with particular communication needs (e. G. SOLES technique, and Braille) have been put in place to help those with mental ND physical disabilities to overcome communication barriers. Braille is a system of communication based on raised marks that can be read by the visual impair people. SOLES is a non-verbal listening technique used in communication; face the other squarely, adopt an open posture, lean towards other, maintain eye contact and relax. Health and social professionals may come across a number of patients at workplace who speak different language rather than English, have disabilities which may affect their speech. These service users may need respective approach and specific needs, revere users can De complemented Dye communication Skills Ana technological alas. For example, when a care is communicating with a patient with visual impairment, closed personal space is required so that health care professionals and service users, can develop closer relationships in order to convey accurate message. Health care professionals have to use technological support (e. G. Screen enlarger and text-to- speech devices). And also pictures, diagrams, written information printed in big characters with illustrations can be use to assist service users with communication difficulties (Whiten et al. 2011). It is imperative for health and social care workers to have a knowledge base of cultural diversity. Differences can occur in attitudes, norms of behavior; high (Chinese, Thai and Japanese), medium (English, French, Italian, Spanish) and low (North Americans, Germans, Swiss) context cultures can influence how health and social care professionals interact with service users to achieve good communication relations and quality care services. High context cultures convey a limited portion of the meaning of words, which must be interpreted in terms of how it is being said, where it is being said, and the body language of the speaker. Medium context cultures convey a fair portion of the meaning of words. It depends the context in which the message is delivered. Low context cultures convey most of the meaning of words in the communication. Understanding differences and similarities within and between cultures can also improve staff relationship in health and social care sector. People learn the values, customs and norms of their culture through communication, the cultural values are impacted in the way that people speak, perceive and interpret the words. In order to prevent misunderstanding in health and social care sector, ultra diversity must be understood and accepted (Rehashed et al. , 2010). Culture has specific symbols consisting of verbal symbols, non-verbal symbols, language, symbols and signs. We know that we are product of many cultures and traditions, that mutual respect allows us to learn from other cultures, culture can become clearest in well-meaning clashes e. . Interacting with people from different backgrounds. Each may behave normally as far as their own culture is concerned, but not as Judged by the other culture (Passable, 2008). Working in the health care sector, it is fundamental that facets of confidentiality re understood and applied by employers and employees. By understanding legislation and Code of Practice averts misuse of confid ential objects by professionals working in the health care sector. Therefore it is the duty of employees to stick to these rules in order to encourage good practice. Not abiding to these principles can lead to patient disappointment and lack of trust in health care services. The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (DO, 2012) outlines the changes of NASH system which is the replacement of Primary Care Trusts (Pacts) and the responsibilities of the clinical impassioning groups, who are Gaps and other clinicians, to allow greater liability for using local resources economically under the support of NASH Commissioning Board. This Act aims at incorporated and more available service provision placing the need of local people and patient in the middle, which would reduce pointless costs and time devoted during the administration work. Equality Act 2010 protects people who eave Deterrent centralists on ten ground AT Loyalist, race, marriage status, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation from being discriminated in the case of employment, perception, association, payment, access to health care and social services and so on (Walsh et at. 2011). This legislation and code of practice are implemented as guidelines for the professionals to produce effective work-relationship. Also, health and social care provider should respect religious and cultural diversity of the service users and implement an equal advance towards the disabled people as a good organizational practice. The Charter for Communication place the right of people with a communication impairment in terms of information, support and training, time to peak, right of entry to services, addition in social networks, and services from employers. Due to this Charter, health and social care service providers and general public have been able to adopt and develop suitable method of communication, such as providing choices of booking a GAP visits, allocating experienced staff with balancing communication tools in reception area, or offering additional time to value the needs of people with communication complexities (Walsh et al. , 2011). It is the responsibility of employers and staffs working in the health care sector to be familiar with policies and procedures. It is also important that they know who to report to in situations of improbability. Health and social care workers must be able to direct those in their care to professional organizations who can offer advice and support to people experiencing various difficulties. When employees adhere to the policy and system of an organization, this will enhance the safety of employees and service users within the health care organization. For example, the confidentiality policy which stated that people personal information should be protected and process fairly at all time, service users personal details must be protected by health ND social care workers (Moss, 2012). The Care Quality Commission (ICQ) controls all health and adult social care services in England including those provided by the NASH, local authorities, private companies or voluntary organization. The ICQ makes sure that necessary standards of quality of care and safety are being met where care is provided, from hospitals to private care homes. The ICQ make sure better care is provided for everyone in the hospital, care homes, own homes or elsewhere. When communication is supported through organizational policies and staff training, this will create a safe working environment for service provider and service users, and it will also improve the communication skills of health care professionals and service users fulfillment (Hill, 2011). In health and social care sector, there are different techniques that have been put in place to develop the communication process in the health and social care sector. Communication can be blocked if people differences are not understood. For example when people dont get the message, include visual disabilities, hearing disabilities, environments, and speaking from too far away and when people cannot sake sense of their messages e. G. The use of different languages, the use of different terms, such as Jargons (technical language) and slang (using different terms) in health and social care workplace. Health and social care workers need to be trained in the areas of identifying barriers and how to improve the communication processes In Neal Ana social care In order to De addle to prove quality care service Tort ten service users. For example, health and social care workers should avoid using Jargons and slang to communicate in health and social care organization in order to avoid immunization barriers (Minnie, 2005). Since I started health and social care management course, I have developed new uses for information communication technology (ACT) and the benefits are worth the effort and has resulted in major improvement in my area of work, not Just for providing quality service for the service users, but also for the benefit of me and my work team. With the use of information communication technology (ACT), I can now check information about patient care by assessing the modern email system which is the fastest and secured way of exchanging information, and to support a patient- entree care approach for older people and people with long term condition by electronically enabling single assessment process (e-SAP). I also use information communication technology (ACT) to improve, more consistent monitor and record service users conditions. For example, by using electronic mat to monitor the movement of a confuse patient, that will immediately alert me when the patient stood on. The electronic mat is always spread by the side of the patient bed, and the buzzer will sound when the patient stood on it. I use information communication technology (ACT) to get better information to support and improved my performances Minnie, 2010). Over the last three decades in health and social care settings, huge benefits has been achieved by the use of information communication technology (ACT) by users of services care workers and care organizations. Service users can benefit from information communication technology (CIT) by the use of Electronic Health Record that will give them information about their health record held by their General Practitioner (GAP) or their health care professionals, in order for them to be able to take control and participate in their care, so that they can receive treatment at the right time.

All About Russias Exclave of Kaliningrad

All About Russia's Exclave of Kaliningrad Russias smallest oblast (region) of Kaliningrad is an exclave located 200 miles away from the border of Russia proper. Kaliningrad was a spoil of World War II, allocated from Germany to the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference that divided Europe between the allied powers in 1945. The oblast is a wedge-shaped piece of land along the Baltic Sea between Poland and Lithuania, approximately one-half the size of Belgium, 5,830 mi2 (15,100 km2). The oblasts primary and port city is also known as Kaliningrad. Founding Known as Konigsberg prior to Soviet occupation, the city was founded in 1255 near the mouth of the Pregolya River. The philosopher Immanuel Kant was born in Konigsberg in 1724. The capital of German East Prussia, Konigsberg was the home to a grand Prussian Royal Castle, destroyed along with much of the city in World War II. Konigsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after Mikhail Kalinin, formal leader of the Soviet Union from 1919 until 1946. At the time, Germans living in the oblast were forced out, to be replaced with Soviet citizens. While there were early proposals to change the name of Kaliningrad back to Konigsberg, none were successful. Key History The ice-free port of Kaliningrad on the Baltic Sea was home to the Soviet Baltic fleet; during the Cold War 200,000 to 500,000 soldiers were stationed in the region. Today only 25,000 soldiers occupy Kaliningrad, an indicator of the reduction of the perceived threat from NATO countries. The USSR attempted to build a 22-story House of Soviets, the ugliest building on Russian soil, in Kaliningrad but the structure had been built on the property of the castle. Unfortunately, the castle contained many underground tunnels and the building began to slowly collapse though it still stands, unoccupied. After the fall of the USSR, neighboring Lithuania and former Soviet republics gained their independence, cutting Kaliningrad off from Russia. Kaliningrad was supposed to develop in the post-Soviet era into a Hong Kong of the Baltic but corruption keeps most investment away. South Korean-based Kia Motors has a factory in Kaliningrad. Railroads connect Kaliningrad to Russia through Lithuania and Belarus but importing food from Russia is not cost-effective. However, Kaliningrad is surrounded by European Union member-states, so trade on the wider market is indeed possible. Approximately 400,000 people live in metropolitan Kaliningrad and a total of nearly one million are in the oblast, which is approximately one-fifth forested.

Report to your line manager on the changes to the appraisal system Essay

Report to your line manager on the changes to the appraisal system - Essay Example In addition, the committee should set process-oriented goals rather result-oriented objectives. Besides, there should be clear communication channels between the supervisors and the employees. Other recommendation included instituting psychological appraisal systems that assess future performance potential. Moreover, the organization should institute a peer evaluation program that produces results for comparison with the supervisors’ results. Introduction Evaluation of performance is a primary feature of every organization. Performance appraisal is an element of performance management that concerns with examining an employee’s productivity against set standards (Kandula, S. R. 2006, 32)). This is beneficial to both the company and the employee. The employee benefits in terms of professional development. This is because one learns of unique strengths and weaknesses that are responsible for particular levels of performance. In addition, the employee learns of the gaps tha t one should tackle in subsequent performances. There are key objectives of this research. To begin with, it seeks to evaluate whether the organization’s goals can align with the employees goals during the performance appraisal process. ... This system is less empirical as it involves mutual discussions with the supervisors and employees on performance. In this method, the manager sets specific, measurable, and reasonable goals with individual employee regarding one’s expectation of performance. The manager discusses with each employee while paying attention to notable factors. To begin with, the manager considers the employee’s individual scenario. Individual scenario relates to the employee’s current position in the organization’s hiercahy. This suggests that the managers consider the tasks of the given employee in setting the goals. The manager, therefore, cannot set goals that exist out of the realm of one’s duties. In addition, the manager considers the limitations of an employee in performing certain tasks. This pays attention to the authority of the immediate supervisor and the unique jurisdictions that determine the behavior of the employee (Aswathappa, K. 2005, 167). Besides, the managers regard the level of skills of the employee. Since this is a continuous process, the past behavior and performance of an employee becomes a vital criteria in setting goals that reflect such deficiencies. Deficiencies refer to the gap between an actual past performance and the respective expected level of performance (Evans, D. 2001, 20). It is essential to have clear organization’s strategies in setting performance goals. Performance targets cannot only consider the employee’s situation because the organization has overall strategies that it wants to achieve through the employees (Kumar, R. 2011, 49). The organization’s goals are set in terms of the long-term view and short-term annual goals. The

The relationship between Benedick and Beatrice in the Play and the Essay

The relationship between Benedick and Beatrice in the Play and the Film of Much Ado About Nothing - Essay Example Two other characters stand out as important elements in the dramatic development of the play. Beatrice is a fiery, outspoken cousin of Hero, who is intended no doubt to provide a contrast to Hero’s gentle and quiet character. Benedick is a witty and disrespectful courtier who so far has not consented to be romantically tied to any woman. Claudio and Hero are the unwitting victims of deception, showing one potential reaction to this turn of fate, while Benedick and Beatrice are examples of an entirely different, and more feisty response. As the title of the play suggests, it all comes right in the end, but the main point of the play is to explore the different paths that can be followed in leading two individuals to the traditional â€Å"happy ending† scenario of the Elizabethan comedy genre. Love wins out in the end, despite the posturing of the human characters in the play, and this is the main message that both film and play project. Benedick and Beatrice are like male and female versions of the same character type. They predictably get into arguments with each other, partly to amuse their friends, but partly also because they have so much in common with each other, and make such equal and entertaining sparring partners. While Hero and Claudio play the role of the star crossed lovers, whose path to true love is interrupted by villainous subterfuge, Benedick and Beatrice represent a lively contrast, as two arch enemies who are brought together by the same villainous plotting. This criss-crossing plot device is an example of Shakespeare’s complex commentary on the shifting roles of the sexes in Elizabethan England. One of the features of Branagh’s film that has attracted much critical attention is the fact that there is a mixture of British and American actors in the film, with a consequent erratic mix of accents. This was no doubt a consequence of UK/US collaboration on the production side, but also a reflection of marketing aspirations which were truly global. The kind of Shakespeare being produced here is deliberately international, with an ironic kind of inter-textuality that appeals to a post-modern audience. The casting of comic superstar Denzel Washington as Don Pedro, for example, adds modern layers of connotation to the original meanings intended by Shakespeare himself. Seen in this light, the relationship between Benedick (Kenneth Branagh) and Beatrice (Emma Thompson) appears as a commentary on relationship issues faced by modern globetrotting professionals. Certainly Emma Thompson’s Beatrice is reminiscent of the articulate, at times even stridently feminist, modern wom an who will not succumb to traditional notions of female subordination in marriage. Don Pedro’s comment to Beatrice â€Å"In faith, lady, you have a merry heart† (Act 2, Scene 1, line 293) underlines the potential that she has to lighten every scene and distract attention from her inner loneliness to her outer display of wit. There is more to Beatrice than meets the eye, and only in the presence of Benedick does she truly shine. This chemistry between the two characters is brought out to perfection in Branagh’s film, as the two often stand back to back, facing away from each other and firing off remarks into the surrounding crowd of onlookers. They studiously avoid intimate contact at first, but everyone knows that they are a fine match for each other, romantically as well as intellectually. The underlying tension between the two sets up a slow burning suspense that carries on throughout the play and film until it reaches its fulfilment in the closing scene. The

Great Patriotic War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Great Patriotic War - Essay Example The Soviet Union (Filtzer, 2002) soldiers in the front lines were caught by surprise. In fact, the German army's blitzkrieg (lightning) attack easily toppled the Soviet Union soldiers in the first few months of the attack because they were surrounded, cut off from supplies, backup troops, and war materials and thereby forced to surrender to the advancing mighty German Army. German forces reached the gates of Leningrad in the North in September 1941. Germany had already overrun Smolensk in the center of Leningrad and took control of Dnepropetrovsk in the South of Leningrad. German Soldiers have reached the vicinity of Moscow, which is the Seat of Government of the Soviet Union in December of 1941. However, after months of fighting inside the big expanse of the Soviet Union territory, the German army realized that they were just humans. They had reached their maximum stamina, finally grew tired, and out of breath because the cold winter months had finally arrived. The German soldiers were not supplied with much needed food and other war supplies to fight in a winter war arena. The German army had been cut off from their supply lines because they had gone too far and deep into Soviet Union territory because Moscow is almost a thousand miles away from Berlin.It was in the autumn of 1941 that the German invading army made attempts to capture Moscow. The battle occurred between October 30, 1941 to April 20, 1942 which is one of the greatest battle wins that the Soviet Union will forever be remembered.During the autumn of 1941, around twenty eight soldiers from the 316th rifle company led by General Panfilov built a foxhole on a hill between the village of Nelidovo and Dubosekovo t o hold the German Advance to Moscow. With the use only of sub machine guns, rifles, incendiary bottles and grenades, they fought an uphill battle against twenty German tanks and infantry. Fourteen German tanks were destroyed which made the Germans retreat. The Germans then made a second attack with thirty tanks but the Moscow defenders destroyed eighteen thanks and killed and maimed many Germans. The Germans retreated for good. The Soviet Union professor Vasily Klochkov-Diev tied a rope of grenades around his waist and jumped while shouting "Russia is large, but there is no place to retreat. Moscow is behind us." under the German tanks destroying them. Other soldiers followed his example and only five Soviet soldiers survived to tell the tale of their Great Patriotic War.From October to December of 1941, thousands of residents of Moscow constructed many leveled fortifications around Moscow and also mined the roads and bridges to

Heat Exchange In Refrigerator System

Heat Exchange In Refrigerator System INTRODUCTION The intend heat exchangers, such as condensers and evaporators, very much influences energy effectiveness of the refrigeration system. A properly designed heat exchanger will not simply helps decrease energy consumption but in addition reduce cost and increase storage volume. Recovering energy efficiency and reducing cost essentially poses a multi objective optimization problem. As these objectives are differing, no single design will satisfy both at the same time. Generally, heat exchanger optimization can be classified into system-level optimization and component-level optimization as in system-level optimization. a complete system is analyzed while component level analysis is performed by separating the heat exchanger from the system by providing proper junction boundary conditions. Previously it has been used design optimization methods, which are merely thermodynamic in nature, for example entropy generation minimization (EGM) The main concept of EGM is that if entropy, which measures the irreversibility of the system and minimized followed by systems performance improvement the technique is used to optimize heat-exchanger list between the condenser and evaporator. The resultant system from the analysis is the good   energy efficient, but   may not be good for an economic point of view a new approach was projected which integrates economics with thermodynamic optimization, which means   the ‘‘thermo-economics approach. Th ermo-economics blends two very dissimilar fields thermodynamics and economics, making it predominantly suitable to design thermal systems with efficiency and capital cost. (Gholap et.,2007 ) . Condensation heat transfer, equally inside and outside horizontal tubes, plays a main role in refrigeration the science of condensation heat transfer has been adopted a substitute working fluids and new improved surfaces for heat exchangers. (Cavallini, A etal.,2003) Literature review Literature review and discussion for heat exchange in refrigerator system There are many   publications focus on heat exchangers in an refrigerator system   has have quite a lot of design variables such as geometry, surface finish, Material In this work. These variables are inhibited by various reasons such as manufacturing capability and space limitation. Heat exchanger has many variables, e.g. number of rows, width, fin density, tube diameter, tube spacing, fin spacing, etc. Dependent variables are the characteristics of the design household refrigerators, energy consumption, cost, and internal volume can serve as independent variables. (Gholap,,2007 ) describe heat optimizing system in an refrigerator system the study was proposed considering overall energy-consumption and heat-exchanger with low cost material which was multi-objective optimization problem. Thus he tried to calculated over all energy-consumption   by adding the energies consumed by the compressor, fan motors, and defrost heater for a 24 hours period and heat-exchanger   costs of material were calculated by means of   individual weight of the coil multiplied through the rate per unit and weight of the correspond metal in the market. His researched   was focus on various kinds of design of the condenser for heat optimizing, most household refrigerators has   wire-on-tube design for the condenser and finned tube Design for the evaporator which is used extensively according to research heat exchanger is divided into along length, height and depth each of element has refrigerant and air steam. However, heat optimizing system does not show much development Thus, The designer can prefer a resolution based on the manufacturers strategic direction regarding cost and the Energy-consumption requirement. A research on wire on tube condenser by (Lee, TH.,2001) observes the correlation on the airside heat transfer coefficient of wire-on-tube type heat exchangers by   using single layer tube   rather than using bundles of tubes. The improved correlations were based on Zhukauskas correlation which discussed via the numerical analysis. Thus Concluding the ratio of Zhukauskas correlation for a single cylinder to the heat transfer coefficient across to the air flow in the wire-on-tube type heat exchanger is constant and the heat transfer parallel to the air flow in the wire-on-tube type heat exchanger. Hence, Zhukauskas correlation has a more accurate prediction result compared to the existing cases. Another research was proposed by (Yang, C, 2005) presenting the numerical results of the consequence of dissimilar parameters on the performance of capillary tube-suction line heat exchangers (CT-SLHX), together with condensing and evaporating temperatures, degrees of sub cooling and superheat, tube diameter, tube length, and refrigerant flow inlet quality. The effects of different geometric and operation circumstances on the capillary tube performance and investigated that the best design present capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger exists about 3 K of sub cooling and 1.4-1.6 m of the heat exchanger length. Further found that R-134a performs better in terms of heat transfer rate and evaporator capacity than R-600a and heat transfer rate from the capillary tube to the suction line decreases by about 8-10% when non-adiabatic inlet arrangement is used compared with adiabatic Wire-on-tube Design The most extensively used condenser in refrigerant system since many years is wire-on-tube design used for the condenser and finned tube design intended for the evaporator. Wire-on-tube type heat exchanges consists of tube bundles within which a heat transfer medium such as refrigerant is strained to flow, whereas a second heat transfer fluid like air is concentrating transversely through tubes. As the airside thermal resistance of this heat exchanger is much advanced than that of refrigerant side, improved surfaces such as wires straight welded on the sequence of tubes are engaged to successfully reduce the resistance as in the other finned tube heat exchangers. Even though these are widely used in home refrigerator for low cost and simple making, the general design data and correlation for the airside heat transfer be not easily obtainable. This makes additional studies have been focused on the research area for cycle matching and frosting. The airside heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger will be able to calculated using the following two methods: The heat transfer coefficient of tubes and wires can be obtained, respectively, by multiplying Zhukauskas correlation by correction factor Results is formulated directly by performing the heat transfer experiment on wire-on-tube heat exchanger. (Lee,TH.,2001) Capillary Tube-suction Line Heat Exchange Optimizing a capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger is beneficial designers for vapour compression refrigeration systems and better enhancement of the system performance. A capillary tube is extensively used in household refrigerators owing to its low cost and effortlessness. It improves the system capability by minimizing the evaporators inlet-enthalpy. In addition it act as a shield for the compressor and increases the inlet temperature. (Gholap 2007) .The capillary tube and the suction line figure a counter-flow heat exchanger. Refrigerant vapour is condensed as of the evaporator to the condenser in process and is packed together in the condenser throughout the process. A non-adiabatic throttling procedure is implicated throughout process where heat is transferred from the capillary tube to the suction line throughout process, while at the same time heat is separate from the evaporator for the duration of process The heat transfer from the capillary tube to the suction line over and over again leads to the upgrading in the thermodynamic efficiency of the system owing to the condensed refrigerant quality and towards the inside of the evaporator. Moreover, the transfer of heat to the suction line ensures the refrigerant vapour enters the compressor by this means of eliminating suction line sweating and preventing slugging of the compressor. The capillary tube has been extensively investigated even though a few numerical models of t he non-adiabatic capillary tubes are existing but there require understanding on some flow phenomena within a tube, such as the reverse heat transfer, the re-condensation, and the chocked flow of the condenser in a refrigeration system. Some phenomena possibly will cause unstable flow in the capillaries the two-phase flow heat transfer coefficient has commonly been believed to be infinite. This hypothesis may be unsuitable in situations, where re-condensation or overturn heat transfer possibly will occur from the suction line to the capillary tube under distant operating conditions. This precise hypothesis of infinite heat transfer has been undisturbed in the present model by using suitable two-phase heat transfer correlations to reproduce the actual flow performance inside the capillary tubes. As a result a numerical investigation of refrigerant flow due to non-adiabatic capillary tubes through modifying the computer model developed. (Gholap 2007) Numerical Model Restricted element approach and suitable heat transfer correlations are integrated into the model to calculate the performance of the capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger. This model is of two modes: Design mode: to calculate the capillary tube length for the specified refrigerant flow rate, Simulate mode: to estimate the refrigerant flow rate for the particular tube length. . The finite-element The model comprises the operating surroundings of the refrigeration system, geometrical Parameters of the capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger and refrigerant properties. This capillary tube separated into three sections. Adiabatic inlet region (connecting the condenser), the heat exchange region and the adiabatic Outlet region (connecting the evaporator).refrigerant flow inside the capillary tube comprises of two regions: the single-phase region and the two-phase region. Numerical solution is conceded out and separating the flow domain into small essentials by the side of the capillary tube and the suction line. The length of each control volume model is 1 mm. Homogeneous flow theory analyzes the two-phase flow inside the capillary tube. The model is based on the conservation of mass, momentum and energy; these equations are solved at the same time all through an iterative process. Within the design, the mass flow rate is an input and the sum of total length of the capillary tube is an output, whilst in the replicate case, the capillary tube length is an input and the mass flow rate is an output, which is evaluated iterative process, The calculated length is compared among the given capillary tube total length, thus the supposed mass flow rate can be adjusted. (Yang, 2005) Enhanced tubes of condensers Air-cooled in addition to water-cooled condensers with in-tube condensation of refrigerants are extensively used in water chillers, air-conditioners .Trying to replicate the physics of the condensation procedure analysis on condensation of refrigerants believe to be the transition faced next to the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry in recent years, An introduction of latest ozone friendly refrigerants as substitute for CFCs and HCFCs. Condensation with horizontal tubes, the two point flow is conquered by vapour shear or gravity forces. At the same time annular flow pattern has high vapour shear, wavy and slug flows become visible when gravity is the controlling force. In refrigeration applications with halogenated working fluids, better tubes are frequently used in bundle condensation. Tubes with two-dimensional or three-dimensional external fins are used in few cases they can also be internally amplified to increase the water-side heat transfer coefficients, when fouling is not a problem Bundle condensation has investigated, for reliability in heat transfer. The use of geotropic mixtures combination with bundle condensation should be dejected as it can give rise to relevant refrigerant composition shift. (Cavallini A et al., 2003) Research question HOW TO HEAT OPTIMIZING TECHNIQUE AND EFFICIENCY IN HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATOR SYSTEM? AIMS The study of the project proposal is based on optimizing heat exchangers in the house hold refrigerator systems. A multi-objective optimization procedure is implements and finding out optimal design which minimise energy consumption and material cost for the household refrigerator systems. The study considers various design of optimization of heat exchangers. Objective To research on properly designed heat exchanger that will help to decrease energy consumption. To carried out a literature review on reducing the energy consumption   refrigerator systems and also in low cost and increase the volume storage Research method Research method is a process of getting better knowledge and understanding of work from peoples those who previously experienced and in some of the research is to take action on previous peoples understanding (Marshall and Rossman, 1999). In a research data can be collected from two sources primary research and secondary research. The primary research is to conducting interviews. These interviews help get knowledge and data for the key research issues and also to get different views of peoples .according to (silverman, 2004) interviewing play a key role in getting an large amount data in quick time .lot of researches make use of interviews to get a clear structure .and in secondary research that data is collection by means of document, previous research, articles, publication and text book. For this research the secondary source has been used. Research design   Research design play a very important role in research to know the topic is researchable or not. The research design has to consider the three elements philosophical assumptions, specific research method and strategies of inquiry and also research question (John, 2009) .For this research. The first task is to find out the research topic which is related to the field and researchable. The choose topic was heat optimizing technique and efficiency in household refrigerator system. Because this topic related to the field and find interesting.After finding the topic the next task was to find literature reviews. After finding all the resource for the topic outline all the important points and start writing. Data collection Data collection involved collecting data by the source of primary and secondary. Collecting data involved in selecting data from different source and the techniques of data, that will collected for the purpose of final research (Silverman, 2004) according to (Sapsford, Roger and   Jupp, Victor;2006) Research doesnt involves in first hand data collection, but it can   also based on the made material available made by other peoples. In this assignment the secondary source has been used to collect data for the research and all the material in the net treated with caution because it can be false. Therefore the data has been collected from the source NORA which is available in Northumbria University and the other source is Northumbria library for referencing text book for this research. Data analysis Data analysis is a process of brining all the collected data and structure for the research. Overview of research Heat exchangers can have several design variables which are controlled by various reasons such as width, fin density, tube diameter, tube spacing, fin spacing, and so on. Energy-consumption and heat-exchanger which form a multi-objective optimization difficulty, Optimization was stopped after 50th generation ever since no additional development was observed. The explanation is divided into two regions.   Region one represent energy efficient and cost-efficient compared with the baseline design. Region two represents both energy and cost is better than for the baseline design. In the case of cost efficient solutions, condenser conductance stays close to its minimum value. For energy-efficient solutions, it stays close to its maximum value with an enhancement in the evaporator conductance thus; region two is most desired optimization. RESOURCES/CONSTRAINTS The mainly used resources need for a research is websites, journals and text books for getting the information and previous research papers and the constraints are Time management for the research Find the research work for writing a literature review. Access to the websites which is held by an engineering organisation. Finding books related to the research topic. Collecting data from different resources. For designing the software used is solid works 2010.